Development of a Semi-Automatic Curry Puff Machine using 3D Printer Mould for Small and Medium Industries: A CDIO Approach

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a semi-automatic curry puff machine, emphasising a comparative analysis between 3D-printed and traditional plastic moulds. Guided by the CDIO (Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate) framework, the study investigates how each mould fabrication method impacts cost, customisation, food safety, and scalability within Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Manual curry puff production remains prevalent among SMEs, leading to labour inefficiencies and inconsistent output. By integrating rapid prototyping and user-centred design, this work demonstrates how 3D-printed moulds can overcome many challenges associated with conventional plastic moulds. Comparative economic analysis, durability testing, lifecycle assessment, and pilot feedback are presented. Results reveal that 3D-printed moulds offer significant advantages in customisation, lead time, and cost-efficiency for low-to-medium production volumes, while traditional plastic moulds remain favourable for large-scale, repetitive manufacturing. Discussion addresses food safety, regulatory compliance, and sustainability. The findings provide a replicable template for SME-focused food machinery innovation, aligning digital fabrication with industrial modernisation.