Understanding FEFO in the Perishable Food Supply Chain: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective from Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the implementation of the First Expired, First Out (FEFO) principle within the perishable food supply chain in Indonesia through a qualitative approach involving various stakeholders, including farmers, distributors, retailers, and consumers. The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews and case studies of several companies that have adopted the FEFO principle in their operations. The findings indicate a significant gap in the understanding and implementation of FEFO among supply chain actors. Modern distributors and retailers demonstrate a higher level of knowledge and practice compared to farmers and traditional retailers, who tend to be less familiar with shelf-life-based inventory management systems. The main barriers to FEFO implementation include a lack of documentation, limited technical training, inadequate logistics infrastructure, and high costs associated with technology adoption. Nevertheless, this study also reveals strategic opportunities to expand the application of FEFO through ongoing training, incentives for business operators, and collaboration between the public and private sectors to strengthen infrastructure. These findings contribute significantly to the formulation of policies and strategies aimed at enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of the food supply chain in Indonesia. The study recommends a cross-sectoral approach and the development of technology-based systems as key steps toward more effective and competitive management of perishable food.