iReMix: A Gravity-Based Automated Nutrient Mixing System for Enhanced Fertigation Efficiency in Smart Farming

Abstract

The study presents the development and evaluation of iReMix, a gravity-based automated nutrient mixing system designed to enhance fertigation efficiency in smart farming. Conventional fertigation systems often rely on electrically powered pumps, which increase operational costs and require complex maintenance. In contrast, iReMix utilizes gravitational flow to achieve accurate nutrient mixing while reducing energy dependence. Experimental evaluation showed that iReMix operational costs were reduced by approximately 67%, and nutrient runoff decreased by 30–40%, highlighting both economic and environmental benefits. These findings demonstrate iReMix’s potential as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for small- and medium-scale farming applications.