Educator’s Perspective on Using Capture the Flag as a Learning Platform

Abstract

The growing demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals has prompted educational institutions to explore innovative teaching methods that connect theory with real-world practice. Capture the Flag (CTF) competitions have emerged as a gamified learning platform that simulates cybersecurity challenges, offering participants hands-on experience in cryptography, penetration testing, and digital forensics. While CTFs are widely used in universities, their use in Malaysia’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions—particularly the Polytechnic and Community College (POLYCC) system—remains underexplored. This study investigates POLYCC lecturers’ views on using CTF competitions as an educational tool. Guided by two research objectives (RO1: to explore lecturers' awareness and perceptions of CTF competitions; RO2: to assess the benefits and challenges of using CTFs in teaching), a mixed-methods approach was used. Quantitative data came from structured surveys, while qualitative insights were gathered through open-ended responses. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to interpret the findings. Results show that most lecturers are familiar with CTFs and support their use in academic programs. Key benefits include improved technical skills, better problem-solving abilities, and higher student engagement. However, limited time, budget, and infrastructure challenges were also identified. Thematic analysis revealed skill development as the most valued benefit, followed by teamwork, gamification, and curriculum fit. This research adds to the literature on cybersecurity education by offering evidence from Malaysia’s TVET context. It provides recommendations for curriculum designers and policymakers to support CTF adoption. Future studies may examine student perspectives and long-term learning impacts.